This is a paper on the role of neoclassical economics in the disastrous “Big Bang” or “shock therapy” advice given by Western academics and Western advisory agencies (World Bank, IMF, USAID,…) to the post-socialist countries. The paper is published as: Ellerman, David. 2016. “Neoclassical Economics as the New Social Engineering: The Debacle of the Russian Post-Socialist Transition.” In The Oxford Handbook of Professional Economic Ethics, edited by George F. DeMartino and Deirdre N. McCloskey, 520–33. New York: Oxford University Press.